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No. 6|I,623. Patented Oct. 4,1898.

A. GARTLEY.

P H U T 0 M E T E R (Application med Nov. 1e, 1897.)

(N0 Model.) 5 `She'e'ts---Sheet l.

me cams PETERS w. PNoToLxTHo., wAsHmnTon, u c.

' Patented Oct. 4, |898. A. GARTLEY.

P H 0T 0 M E T E R (Application led Nov. 16, 1897.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2;

(No Model.)

THE cams Prrzns cu, Fumo-uwe., wAsHlNoToN, n4 c Patented Oct. 4, |898. A. GAHTLEY.

P H 0 T' M ET E R.

(Application filed Nov. 16, 1897.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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Patented Oct. 4, |898."

No. suma.

A. GARTLEY.

PHUTOMETER. (Application med N'ov. 1s, 1,897.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(N0 Model.)

ma noms Parana co. PuoTo-Ln'ua. wAsmNoTcN. Dv c No. 6H,623. Patented 0st. 4, 189B. A. GARTLEY. PHUTDMETER.

(Application filed Nov. 1B, 1897.) (No Modal.) 5 sheets-sheet 5.

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Nima' ALONZO GARTLEY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO TIIE UNITED GAS IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PHOTOIVIETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 611,623, dated October 4, 1898. Application filed November 16, 1897. Serial No. 658,686. (No model.)

, T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALONZO GARTLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photometers, of which the following is a specification.

Objects of my invention are to provide a simple, durable, and accurate photometer which may be readily manipulated and conveniently operated, and to so construct, combine, and arrange the various parts of the instrument as that the same do not require frequent, dit'- ficult, or laborious adjustment.

My invention consists in the improvements hereinafter described and claimed.

The nature, characteristic features, and scope of my invention will be more fully understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and in which- Figure l is an elevational view of the complete instrument. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a side view of the sight-box, showing part of the bar on which it travels. Fig. 4 is an end view of the same, showing a sectional view ot' the bar. Figs. 5, G, and 7 are respectively face, edge, and sectional views of the mirror-carrier and its accessories. Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a plan and a part sectional and part elevational view of the adjustable gas standard and seal,

and Fig. lO is a View illustrating details of construction of the upper portion of the gasstandard shown in Fig. 9.

In the drawings, a is a table or other suitable base or support. Upon this table are standards or uprights b and o'. As` shown, the lower part of each of these standards comprises a tubular socket split near its top, as shown at h2, Fig. 4, and provided with a strap and binding-screw b3, and the upper part of these standards comprises a post movably fitted to the described socket and provided with arms, as b4. In consequence of this construction it follows that the standards are adjustable as to height and may be clamped after adjustment by means of the binding-screws b3. The arms b4 carry parallel rails c c', which may be angle-irons and which are attached to the arms, for example,

by means of screws. These rails are provided with a suitable scale, as c2, and constitute the bar of the photometer. The use of the rails and their supporting-arms is advantageous, because these parts present comparatively little surface from which light can be reflected, and, as is well known, the reflection of light from surrounding objects would detract 6o from the accuracy of the instrument.

cl are screens provided with suitable openings and adapted to the rails c c.

e is a sight-box, shown as cylindrical in form. It is provided with openings c and e2 in its curved walls for the admission of the light from the sources which are to be compared. This sight-box is mounted on a carriage e3, that is provided with wheels adapted to the rails c and c. The cylindrical 7o form of the sight-box notouly makes it very compact, but also enables its center of gravity V to be brought comparatively near its wheelbase, so that it is not likely to be upset or derailed. One side of the sight-box is proA vided with a sight-tube or eyepiece e4 and is detachably held to place, as by a clip e5. The interior of the sight-box is provided with guides e, which detachably hold a frame f, Fig. 5, so that the frame f may be slid be- 8o tween the guides e6, and thus inserted in or removed from the sight-box. The sight-box is also provided with a pointer or index e7, that cooperates with the scale c2. Within the frame f is journaled-a mirrorcarrier f in such manner that it may be rotated around its horizontal axis. The mirror carrier is provided with a thumb-nut f2, which projects from the rear side of the sight-box and constitutes means by which the mirror-carrier 9o may be rotated. Y

f3 is a notched disk secured to the mirrorcarrier and coperating with a detent f4, which serves to arrest and hold the mirrorcarrier in vertical position.

On each side of the mirror-carrier is a mirror f5, set at an inclination so as to properly present the images for comparison to the eye. The mirror-carrier f is provided with a central aperture in which are mounted glass roo disks f6, and between them a disk or disks F, having different degrees of translucence. Such a disk may be made of properly-prepared paper or parchment having an oil spot thereon. Wires f7, bent in the form of split rings, are used for holding these parts to place. Such wires by their own resiliency serve for the accomplishment of this result by engagement with a suitable flange.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that the mirror-carrier and parts connected therewith may be turned through a half-revolution by means of the thumb-nut f2 and without disturbing the rest of the instrument, which is advantageous, because it enables the operator to take a number of readings with the mirror-carrier turned to present its `different sides to the respective lights, and by taking the mean of these readings accuracy is insured. Adjacent to the ends of the rails c c', that constitute the photometer-bar and a little out of line therewith, are located gas-standards g and g. These gas-standards are supported on the table a and are illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, and lO. In said figures, g2 is a socket constructed as shown and secured to the table a. From this socket rises an exterior pipe g3 and also an interior pipe g4, which conveys gas. Between these pipes g3 and g4 depends an intermediate pipe g5, which communicates at its top with a gas-bracket g, adapted to receive either the standard-light or the burner which is to be tested, according to the work which the instrument is required to do. The space between the exterior and interior pipes g8 and g4 is filled with mercury or other suitable fluid-for example, to the height indicated by the dotted line g7-and a petcock g8 may be provided for use in renewing the mercury or other fluid.

From the foregoing description it is obvious that the bracket gs, and with it the pipe g5, may be elevated and depressed and also rotated with respect to the other parts of the standard. This is advantageous, because it enables the operator to adj ust the light properly in a vertical direction with respect to the sight-box and also to turn the light out of the way when he desires to use a candlebalance, as will be hereinafter described.

g9 and gw are collars fitted, respectively, to the pipes g5 and g3. One of these collars is provided with a lug and the other with an offset, as shown at Q11, which serve to limit the rotary motion of the bracket g. Each of these collars is detachably clamped to the part upon which it is mounted by means of set-screws Q12 and Q13. In use the set-screw Q12 may be withdrawn and the pipe gi and its bracket adjusted vertically into correct position through the collar gg, whereupon the latter is locked to place by turning up the setscrew Q12. Thus the bracket is held at a proper height from the table. The bracket may then be turned into proper position, which may be determined, for example, by reference to the plumb-lines h and 71.', the collar glo being freed from the support g5 by the release of its set-screw Q13 during this operation. After the bracket Q6 has been turned into proper position the collar g10 is shifted so as to bring the notched parts g11 into contact with each other, as shown, whereupon the set-screw 913 is again set up. After this adjustment has once been made the bracket g6 may be turned back out of the way and again turned into position for use, and this latter turning motion will be arrested at the proper time by the notched portions gu.

The gas to be tested enters by way of pipe c', which leads to the meter t", mounted upon the table a and in plain sight of the operator. From the meter there are two valved outlet-pipes i2 and is. The outlet-pipe i2 conducts the gas through the double dry governor i4 and thence past the micrometer-cock 5 to the gas-standard g. The other pipe i3 conducts gas through the governor i6 past the micrometer-cock i7 to the gas-standard g, so

that by the proper manipulation of the valvesA the gas to be tested may be led to either end of the instrument and all the gas connections, as well as the other accessories of the instrument, may be supported by the table a. The valved standard gas-inlet pipe 7o is tapped into t-he pipe i3, as shown, so that by the appropriate manipulation of the described valves it is possible to lead the standard gas to either of the gas-standards, as desired.

Z are drip valves and outlets which are provided at suitable locations on the gas-pipes.

fm, are posts or pins suitably mounted on the table a and adapted for the reception of a removable candle-balance n. The candlebalance comprises a pivotal scale-beam that carries one or more candles in proper position with respect to the sight-box and is provided with aweight and scale n. The standard n2 of the candle-balance is made in two parts, adjustable in respect to each other and provided with a strap and binding-screw, as has been described with reference to Fig. 4, and to the standards ZJ and b. This construction permits of the convenient adjustment of the candle or candles into proper position.

The described photometer may be used in the way usual with so-called Bunsen photometers. However, I will add a brief description of one way of operating it. The Argand burner shown at the left-hand end of Fig. l is brought into the position indicated in Fig. 2 and is standardized by comparison with the light of a standard candle burning in the balance n. For this purpose the supply and pressure of gas delivered to the Argand burner are properly adjusted by the means and adjustments described. The required comparison of the lights is effected by reference to the disk F, more particularly to the spot thereon as reiiected in the mirror f5 and to the position of the sight-boX e in respect to the lights. The candle-balance is ICO then removed and the light to be measured is mounted on the right-hand bracket g. The latter is then turned into the position indicated in Fig. 2 and adjusted with respect to the standard light and to the center of the lightboxby means of the adjustments herein fully described. Comparison of the lights is then made by reference to the images upon the mirrorf5 and to the distance of the lights from the sight-box. The candle-powers correspondin g to various distances are ascertained usually by reference to tables prepared for this purpose. By turning the knob or thumb-nut f2 the disk F and mirror are turned or reversed with respect to the lights, so that error on the part of the operator is obviated and accuracy is insured.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains that modi* iications may be made in details without departing from the spirit thereof. Hence I do not limit myself' to the precise construction and arrangement of parts hereinabove set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings; but,

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1.- In a photometer the combination with parallel elevated tracks having a space between them of a sight-box provided with a light-inlet aperture arranged between the tracks, whereby reflected light is excluded from the sight box, substantially as described.

2. In a photometer the combination of parallel tracks having an open space between them, adjustable standards provided with arms for supporting said tracks in elevated position,and a sight-box provided with wheels adapted to said tracks and with a light-inlet aperture arranged between said tracks, substantially as described.

3. In a photometer the combination of standards provided with diverging arms, tracks applied to the ends of said arms whereby a space is aiorded between said tracks, lights arranged between said tracks, and a sight-box movable on said tracks and provided with a light-inlet aperture located between the tracks, substantially as described.

fi. In a photometer the combination of a photometer-bar, a gas-standard provided With a rotatable bracket, and adjustable interlocking collars, substantially as described, for arresting the rotation of the bracket in position'for use, substantially as specified.

5. In a photometer the combination of an interior gas-pipe, a fixed exterior pipe constituting with the gas-pipe a chamber for a fluid seal, an intermediate pipe depending between the two first-mentioned pipes, a bracket attached to the intermediate pipe, and interlocking collars provided with setscrews and constructed to limit the motion of the gasbracket, substantially as described.

6. In a photometer the combination of a sight-box, a frame removably iitted to the interior of the sight-box, and a mirror-carrier revolubly fitted to said frame and provided with mirrors and disks, substantially as described.

7. The combination in a photometer of a sight-box, a mirror-carrier revolubly mounted therein and provided with mirrors and 75 disks, and a notched wheel and detent for arresting rotary motion of the carrier, substantially as described.

8. The combination in a photometer of a sight-box, a mirror-carrier revolublymount- 8o ed therein, and means accessible from the outside of the box for rotating the mirror carrier, substantially as described.

9. The combination in a photometer of a sight-bex provided with a detachable cover 85 and with guides, a frame adapted to said guides, and a mirror-carrier and its accessories pivotally supported in said frame, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto 9o signed my name.

ALONZO GARTLEY.

Witnesses:

F. H. MAoMoRRIs, Trios. A. JAMES. 

